1. Based on Your Reading of Robert Stuart's Account, What Knowledge, Skills
| Robert Stuart | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1785-02-19)February 19, 1785 Strathyre, Perthshire, Scotland |
| Died | October 28, 1848(1848-10-28) (aged 63) Detroit, Michigan, United States |
| Occupation | Fur trader, explorer |
| Spouse(south) | Emma Elizabeth Sullivan |
Robert Stuart (February 19, 1785 – October 28, 1848) was a Scottish-born, Canadian and American fur trader, best known as a member of the starting time European-American political party to cantankerous S Pass during an overland expedition from Fort Astoria to Saint Louis in 1811. He was a fellow member of the North West Company (NWC) until recruited by John Jacob Astor to develop the new Pacific Fur Company, which was based at Fort Astoria, on the coast of nowadays-day Oregon. Astor intended the venture to develop a continent-wide commercial empire in fur trading.
Life [edit]
Family history states that Robert Stuart was born in Strathyre, in the historic parish of Balquhidder, merely grew upwards in Callander,[1] both towns in Perthshire, almost 15 and 20 miles (24 and 32 km) northwest of Stirling, Scotland.[2] Around 1807, he joined an uncle, David Stuart, in Montréal to piece of work as a clerk in the fur trade for the Canadian North W Company. In 1810, three years subsequently, he and his uncle had been recruited into Astor'southward Pacific Fur Visitor.[3]
Stuart was age 25 when he sailed aboard a Pacific Fur Company transport, the Tonquin, on its voyage to the Falkland Islands. He held a pistol to the caput of the ship's captain, Jonathan Thorn, when Thorn attempted to get out the Falkland Islands without Stuart's uncle David, some other of Astor's partners. They sailed effectually Cape Horn and up the Westward coast of Due north America to the Columbia River. The Tonquin crossed the Columbia Bar and established Fort Astoria (located in modern Astoria, Oregon) in May 1811. After leaving supplies and traders at the newly created outpost, the ship and crew traveled north to Clayoquot Sound on Vancouver Island. The Tonquin crew engaged in commercial negotiations with members of the Tla-o-qui-aht nation in June. An altercation arose, with the unabridged crew killed except a unmarried hired translator and the transport destroyed. Afterwards the incident, the traders had to brand arrangements to communicate with Astor, since they had no idea when a transport might call at Fort Astoria.
Thus, Stuart accompanied an overland trek of seven men conveying give-and-take of the Tonquin's fate to St. Louis.[four] A larger party ascended the Columbia River as far as it could, procuring horses from Indians as they got further inland.
The grouping split near the time to come Wallula, Washington and Stuart's mounted party rode south into the general vicinity of future Pendleton, Oregon. The expedition then headed eastward and southeast, and entered the future Idaho on August 12, 1812. They remained on the westward and south side of the Serpent River, observing the mouth of the Boise River on the contrary side on the 15th. Continuing along the southward side of the Ophidian, they reached the American Falls on September five, Soda Springs on the 9th and arrived most the Idaho edge on the 13th. During this trek from the Pendleton area, Stuart's party followed what would later become perhaps the most important leg of the Oregon Trail route across Oregon and Idaho.
However, after crossing into Wyoming they made a major detour away from the future trail. The description in Stuart's journal shows that they looped 100 miles (160 km) ("as the crow flies") northward into the Teton Valley in Idaho and crossed Teton Pass into Jackson Hole. They and so fabricated their style south, reaching the general vicinity of the future Oregon Trail in Wyoming on Oct 19. Without the detour, they could have arrived at the same location within a matter of days later leaving Idaho for the commencement time. They then turned northeast and crossed South Pass on the Continental Divide ii days later. Stuart wrote, "The pinnacle of this mountain, whose form appears to be owing to some volcanic eruption, is flat, and exhibits a manifestly of more three miles square (7.8 km²)"[four]
Stuart's party spent the winter on the upper North Platte River and reached St. Louis at the end of April 1813. Stuart himself did not achieve New York to consult with Astor until June 23. Despite the bad news most the Tonquin, Astor still had high hopes for his venture.[3] Regardless of the efforts of Stuart and others, the Pacific Fur Visitor soon collapsed due to the War of 1812, with Fort Astoria being sold to the North Due west Company in 1813. After, the Hudson'southward Bay Visitor tried to discourage American trappers from operating in the Pacific Northwest, establishing an overland route between Fort Astoria and the York Factory on Hudson Bay chosen the York Mill Express. The route was partially based on the paths explored by Stuart.
Stuart'south path blazed near the entire segment of the Oregon Trail betwixt the Columbia and the Missouri River. His journal is a detailed account of the wintertime trip, and Washington Irving'southward Astoria is said to be based on it. Presented to Astor and President James Madison, and published in French republic, the journal did not make the location of the S Pass widely known. In 1824, U.Due south. trappers Jedediah Smith and Thomas Fitzpatrick rediscovered the S Laissez passer road across the Rockies.
Afterwards, that would lead to some dispute most who deserved priority in the discovery. Thus, in 1856, Ramsay Crooks, ane of Stuart's political party, wrote a letter describing their journey:[5]
"In 1811, the overland party of Mr. Astor'south trek [from St. Louis to Fort Astoria], under the command of Mr. Wilson P. Chase, of Trenton, New Bailiwick of jersey, although numbering sixty well armed men, found the Indians so very troublesome in the country of the Yellowstone River, that the political party of 7 persons who left Astoria toward the end of June, 1812, because it unsafe to pass again by the route of 1811, turned toward the southeast as soon as they had crossed the main concatenation of the Rocky Mountains, and, after several days' journey, came through the historic 'S Pass' in the month of November, 1812. ...Pursuing from thence an easterly course, they barbarous upon the River Platte of the Missouri, where they passed the winter and reached St. Louis in Apr, 1813."
On July 21, 1813, about a calendar month afterward he met with Astor, Stuart married Emma Elizabeth Sullivan, a native of New York Urban center. They would take 9 children together.[1] He continued in Astor'due south use, possibly consulting on various plans to recoup the loss of Astoria.[3] In 1817 or 1819 (accounts vary), Stuart became manager of the American Fur Company's "Northern Department" based on Mackinac Island, Michigan. It was here that Stuart met William Montague Ferry. Stuart saw the enterprising young Ferry equally a perfect prospect for someone to run his affairs in the budding lumber industry in Michigan. Ferry proposed to Stuart that the Grand River Valley held bang-up possibility. By June 1834, Stuart placed funds in the hands of Ferry to settle in what would get Grand Haven and prepare a country and lumber enterprise, sharing the profits.[6]
In 1833 he is mentioned every bit working for the American Fur Company, in a treaty at Chicago ceding state from the Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi tribes, as obviously a friend to the tribes.[7]
It is non entirely articulate when Stuart began to invest in Detroit real estate, but around 1835–1836 he congenital a home and soon moved his family unit there. He was also Treasurer of the State of Michigan from 1840–1841.[8] He died on October 28, 1848, and is buried at the historic Elmwood Cemetery in Detroit.[1]
Legacy [edit]
The Robert Stuart House is one of fourteen historic buildings in Fort Mackinac. The edifice has been made into a museum of the fur trading industry, covering the time period begun by French merchants, British businessmen, and Native Americans.[9]
Robert Stuart Middle School in Twin Falls, Idaho, is named subsequently the explorer.[i]
Notes [edit]
- ^ a b c d The Stewarts of Glen Ogle, Balquhidder, Perthshire, Scotland
- ^ Historic Callander Parish
- ^ a b c James P. Ronda, Astoria and Empire, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln (1990).
- ^ a b Robert Stuart, Kenneth A. Spaulding (Ed.), On The Oregon Trail: Robert Stuart's Journey of Discovery, University of Oklahoma Press (1953).
- ^ Who discovered Due south Pass [one] Accessed 15 Aug 2012
- ^ Seibold, David H. (2007). Grand Haven in the path of destiny: a history of Thousand Haven, Spring Lake, Ferrysburg and bordering townships (1st ed.). Grand Oasis, MI: Grand Haven Historical Museum. ISBN9781424319008. OCLC 183327308.
- ^ Ratified Indian Treaty, 1833 (image 60). Series: Indian Treaties, 1789 - 1869. National Archives. Retrieved thirty October 2020.
- ^ O. C. Comstock, "Sketch of the Life of Hon. Robert Stuart," Report of the Pioneer Social club of the State of Michigan, Vol. 3, Robert Smith Printing Co., Lansing (1881 event, reprinted 1903).
- ^ "Robert Stuart House on Mackinac Isle, MI".
Other References [edit]
- Philip Ashton Rollins, ed., The Discovery of the Oregon Trail: Robert Stuart's Narratives of His Overland Trip Eastward from Astoria in 1812-13, University of Nebraska Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8032-9234-1
- Thousand.P.V. and Helen B. Akrigg, British Columbia Chronicle: Adventurers by Sea and Land, Discovery Press, Vancouver, 1975
- Laton McCartney, Across the Smashing Divide: Robert Stuart and the Discovery of the Oregon Trail, Simon & Schuster, 2003, ISBN 0-7432-4924-0
External links [edit]
- Robert Stuart at Observe a Grave
stricklandtakinte.blogspot.com
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Stuart_%28explorer%29
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